<p>Evermay is a historic Federal architecture-style house at 1623 28th Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the Georgetown neighborhood. The property originally extended south to Q Street, but the other houses were divided from the property.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1792-1794 Samuel Davidson bought a portion of the 795-acre tract called the "Rock of Dumbarton" from Thomas Beall. Davidson was one of the owners of the land on which the White House and the National Mall are currently located.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1801 at a cost of $2,302.82</p><br>
<p>The house underwent interior renovations until 1818.</p><br>
<p>Davidson was not married and had no children and upon his death, his nephew, Lewis Grant, inherited the property. Lewis Grant&#39;s daughter married Charles Dodge.</p><br>
<p>In 1877, the Dodges sold the property to John D. McPherson. McPherson added a porch and converted the house to the Victorian architecture style.</p><br>
<p>Henry Hayes Lockwood lived at the property and died there in 1899.</p><br>
<p>In 1919, developer Francis H. Duehey bought the property and planned to demolish the house and build a hotel on the site. The citizens of Georgetown rallied to pass an ordinance forbidding construction taller than 40 feet.</p><br>
<p>Diplomat F. Lammot Belin and his wife bought the property in 1924. Belin came from a family of French immigrants who married into the du Pont family and made a fortune in the gunpowder industry.</p><br>
<p>As part of extensive renovations and enlargements, he removed Victorian elements at the house to restore its Georgian simplicity. He owned the property until his death in 1961, when it was inherited by his son, Peter Belin.</p><br>
<p>In 1961, Peter added the brick orangery on the east front.</p><br>
<p>In 1973, Evermay was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In 1996, the house was inherited by Peter&#39;s son, Harry Belin.</p><br>
<p>In 1999, Harry formed the Evermay Society and began renting the estate for corporate events, weddings, anniversary parties, even fundraisers for President George W. Bush, all for tens of thousands of dollars apiece. He also let nonprofits such as Bible study groups, local preservation groups, human rights advocates and environmentalists use Evermay for free.</p><br>
<p>Harry was unable to afford the annual property taxes of $100,000 and annual upkeep costs of $200,000 and sold the house in May 2011 for $22 million to Dr. Sachiko Kuno and Dr. Ryuji Ueno, founders of Sucampo Pharmaceuticals. The couple also own Halcyon House, another historic Georgetown mansion. The houses are now used by their nonprofit organization.</p><br>
<p>The Taylor House is a historic home in Tallahassee, Florida. The home was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places on April 6, 2015. The Taylor House Museum, located at 442 West Georgia Street, was also added to the Tallahassee-Leon County Register of Historic Places on October 26, 2011. On July 27, 2012, the Florida Department of State designated the home a Florida Heritage Site.</p><br>
<h2>Taylor House Museum of Historic Frenchtown</h2><br>
<p>The Taylor House, a historical landmark in the Tallahassee Community, was built in 1894 by Lewis Washington Taylor and Lucretia McPherson Taylor, and is a historical museum and research facility for Leon County, Florida.</p><br>
<h2>Lewis Washington Taylor</h2><br>
<p>L.W. Taylor (1865-1931), was a well-known educator, businessman and community leader. He taught at Centerville School, Old Lincoln High School (Tallahassee, Florida) and Bel Air, a one-room, rural schoolhouse on ground which had once been an ante-bellum plantation. Taylor broke barriers for African-Americans in Leon County, as he taught and tutored White children from well-to-do families for 10 cents. Self-employed as a proprietor of a jewelry store, Taylor made his jewelry out of gold wire which he kept in an upstairs bedroom of the Taylor home.</p><br>
<h2>Lucretia McPherson Taylor</h2><br>
<p>Lucretia Taylor descended from the Edwards, a pioneer Leon County family. She was a master cook and seamstress. Taylor was born a slave on May 19, 1865 in Tallahassee, a day before the Emancipation Proclamation was read downtown at the Knott House by General Edward M. McCook. She cooked for the family of Lewis M. Lively for whom the Lively Technical Center, located on the campus of Tallahassee Community College is named. Married on Dec. 17, 1887, the Taylors were parents to 13 children, who all spent time in front of a classroom.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The home remained in the Taylor family until it was abandoned in 1978. In 1995, the Taylor House had come within a week of being demolished by the city until Aquilina Howell, granddaughter of the Taylors and a legendary community leader who went on to become the first woman assistant school superintendent in Leon County, turned to the Tallahassee Urban League, Inc. The Urban League purchased and restored the two-story structure to its original appearance; completing rehabilitation in 2001. Today, the home serves as the Taylor House Museum of Historic Frenchtown, owned and operated by the Tallahassee Urban League, Inc.</p><br>
<p>The South Bethlehem Downtown Historic District, commonly referred to as South Bethlehem, is a national historic district that is located in Bethlehem in Northampton County, Pennsylvania. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This district includes 288 contributing buildings and two contributing objects. It encompasses a concentration of late-nineteenth through early twentieth-century commercial, municipal, industrial and residential buildings. Most of them date from circa 1900 to 1935.</p><br>
<p>Notable non-residential buildings include several Bethlehem Steel-related buildings, the South Bethlehem Post Office (1916), Bethlehem Public Library (1929), the Protection Firehouse (Touchstone Theater, 1875), the E.P. Wilbur Trust Building (1910), Holy Infancy Catholic Church (1892), St. John Windish Lutheran Church (1910), Windish Hall (c. 1915), and the Banana Factory (c. 1900).</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>Properties</h2><br>
<h3>Protection Firehouse</h3><br>
<p>Built in 1875, the Protection Firehouse served as Southside Bethlehem&#39;s original fire station. Due to the growth of the neighborhood and the limited size of the station, however, it was replaced and then stood abandoned until 1967 when it was purchased by Robert Thompson and turned into a youth center.</p><br>
<p>On Wednesday, August 5, 1970, the center became the site of a Drive-by shooting and attempted firebombing. The firebomb was thrown into a crowd of twenty, but failed to detonate. Gunfire killed fourteen-year-old Rosemarie Parham and seriously injured sixteen-year-old Carlos Garcia.</p><br>
<p>The firehouse was abandoned until it was purchased by the touchstone theater in 1987 and renovated into a seventy-two-seat theater. Touchstone had been founded six years earlier, in 1981, by Bill and Bridget George and Lorraine Zeller, alumni from Lehigh University, and was inspired by the University&#39;s improv group to provide bilingual and multi-racial performances to bridge ethnic divisions. Touchstone operates out of the Protection Firehouse.</p><br>
<h3>St. John Windish Lutheran Church and Windish Hall</h3><br>
<p>At the turn of the twentieth century, a number of Slovenes from Prekmurje immigrated to South Bethlehem to escape ethnic persecution, with another large group arriving after fleeing the collapse of Austria-Hungary in 1918. Seeking employment in the citys steel mills and other factories, they became known by locals as "Windish," after an entirely unrelated Slavic group in northern Germany, the Wends. The vast majority of these new immigrants were Evangelical Lutherans; they founded St. Johns Windish Lutheran Church in 1910 and built an adjoined school, the Windish Hall, in 1915.</p><br>
<p>The Slovene community in Bethlehem suffered a major decline after the shuttering of the steel mill in 1982. In 2023, after more than a century of operation, the leadership of St. John&#39;s determined that the church could no longer continue to serve the community and made the decision to merge with St. Peters Evangelical Lutheran Church and the Light of Christ Lutheran Church, and then sell the three churches after finding a new venue where their combined congregations could meet.</p><br>
<p>The two parties that were interested in buying the three churches were Lehigh University and the municipal government of Bethlehem. The citys effort, spearheaded by mayor J. William Reynolds, sought to purchase, and then demolish the churches and turn them into parking lots for the Bethlehem Parking authority. Despite the $3.75 million offer from the city, church leaders did not initially accept the offer. The university then matched the citys offer, and the churches accepted after university leaders promised they would not convert the churches into student housing. A final service in St. Johns was held on April 23, 2023.</p><br>
<h3>Grace House</h3><br>
<p>A notable residential property named a historic landmark in its own right by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, the 3,000 square foot mansion was formerly owned by Eugene Grace, President of Bethlehem Steel from 1916 to 1945. Often described as "the other Grace House" in reference to Grace&#39;s far more famous mansion in West Bethlehem, which he named Uwchlan, the mansion stood apart from the small row houses around it for workers at Bethelehm Steel, and was named a landmark in 1997. However, between Grace selling the mansion and its naming of a landmark, a garage in the rear, and a one story addition to the west was added.</p><br>
<p>The property had served as a commercial property after Grace sold it, although records on the exact tenets is unclear at certain points. The property was used for apartments, a doctor’s office, possibly a funeral home and the popular a popular pizzeria "Anna Mia" for over a decade, closing in 2017 when the owner moved to a new location in Hanover Township.</p><br>
<p>Sarah and Wesley Jun purchased the building in 2004 and converted it back into a residential property in 2018, but also sought to sell the site to developers. Initially, developer Robin Reshetar sought to demolish the addition and garage, restore the original mansion, and construct a five story apartment complex around the mansion, enveloping it on three sides. This proposal was rejected by the Bethlehem City Council for clashing with the Historic District&#39;s architecture, as well as surpassing the four story limit for new construction in the district.</p><br>
<p>The couple ended up selling the property to Lehigh University graduate Dallas Basha for $485,000. Basha proposed renovations to the crumbling exterior and turning the interior into leased space. Namely two offices and four apartments. The renovations were set to start in 2019, but were postponed indefinitely due to the COVID-19 pandemic and no new information has been made public since 2018.</p><br>
<p>The Lehigh Valley Silk Mills were a collection of mills located in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania in the 19th and 20th centuries.</p><br>
<p>The industry began in 1881 and thrived throughout the Second Industrial Revolution. The Lehigh Valley Silk Mills also refers to a specific company that owned the Lipps & Sutton Silk Mill and Warren Mill. The first silk mill in the Lehigh Valley opened in 1881 and was followed by the opening of many others. By 1900, there were twenty-three silk establishments in the Lehigh Valley, making Pennsylvania the second largest producer of silk in the world.</p><br>
<p>The silk industry in Pennsylvania peaked in the late 1920s due to cheap labor, mainly from immigrant workers&#39; children and wives. However, after the Great Depression, increasing labor unrest and competition from other textile industries began to affect the silk industry locally and nationally. By 1953, Allentown had become the number one silk city in the world, but even then, the number of looms had decreased. At the time, only six mills continued to work with silk exclusively. Other mills either shut down due to bankruptcy or shifted to the production of synthetic fibers.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>As the United States entered the Gilded Age, the demand for luxurious silk clothing spiked. During the late 1800s silk was becoming popular with the growing middle class who wished to emulate the wealthy tycoons of the day. The growing industrialized American silk industry answered this demand. After the Civil War, an American silk industry became established in Paterson, New Jersey. There, the silk manufacturers relied on skilled workers, who demand good wages and working conditions. By 1880, new machines were changing the way silk was spun, knitted, and woven. As a result silk mill owners were looking to build new mills in areas with a large supply of low-cost labor. The collapse of the national railroad building boom in 1873 devastated the iron industry. In the wake of closing iron mills, Lehigh Valley business leaders saw an opportunity in the business of silk producers. They advertised the region&#39;s good railroads, secure supply of coal power, and cheap non-unionized labor.</p><br>
<p>Interest in silk in the Lehigh Valley can be seen as early as 1762, but the industry did not become established on a large scale until The Adelaide Silk Mill, the first silk mill in the Lehigh Valley, opened in November 1881. This was soon followed by the R.H. Simon Silk Mill in 1883. By 1900, there were twenty-three silk establishments in the Lehigh Valley, making it and Pennsylvania the worlds second-largest producer of silk, second only to New Jersey. As many as 224 mills produced silk in the Lehigh Valley between 1881 and 1989. The silk industry peaked in the late 1920s. The industry was Allentowns largest employer during this time. In 1928, the peak production year, 106 mills operated simultaneously in the Lehigh Valley.</p><br>
<p>The silk industry was drawn to the Lehigh Valley for its access to water, power and labor. The spinning machines in the mills required constant tending, and provided jobs that suited the women and children of that era. Because of this they had a tendency to be located near mines and other heavy industries that would attract men to work, who would bring their wives and children to possibly seek employment.</p><br>
<p>In an attempt to address issues with youth unemployment, in 1883 Easton formed its first "industrial association". After establishing the association, the associates needed to attract business to Easton. They successfully developed a partnership with a New Jersey silk manufacturing company. Robert and Herman Simon expanded their enterprise from Union Hill, New Jersey west to Easton, Pennsylvania. It was at this time that the R&H Simon Company constructed buildings along 13th Street, Easton. At the start, the company had a workforce of 250 people. The facility expanded in 1899 by increasing its workforce to 1,060. The mill eventually employed 1,200 workers and included 1,500 pieces of machinery. The R&H Simon Silk Company was the largest producer of black silk ribbon in the world and at one point in time employed up to 2,000 workers at its Easton plant.</p><br>
<p>The deaths of Robert Simon and Herman Simon in 1901 marshalled in a transformative period for the company. The Easton Industrial Corporation managed the company from roughly 1933 – 1985, periodically loaning the property. In 1991, Pfizer Pigments Inc. transferred the property to James and Helen Garofalo and Helen Beth Garofalo-Vilcek who subsequently transferred the property to the City of Easton in 2006.</p><br>
<p>One of the most important men of the American Silk industry, Desiderius George Dery, also made his home in the valley. By 1920 he was the largest single producer of silk in the world, and 8 of his 15 mills were located in the Lehigh Valley.</p><br>
<p>The demise of the silk industry in the Lehigh Valley can be traced to the Great Depression, Southern competition and new synthetics. After the Great Depression, increasing labor unrest affected the industry locally and nationally. After peaking in the 1920s, silk, like the rest of the luxury goods industry, suffered heavily in the Great Depression. The Lehigh Valley lost at least fifty-eight silk mills from 1929 to 1939. Many new mills were opening in the South due to the availability of cheaper labor. During World War II the silk supply, which predominantly came from Japan, was cut off. After the war, new synthetic fibers developed during the war, such as nylon, replaced silk in many garments. Some mills survived by shifting to Rayon or other materials. By 1953, Allentown, which had become the number one silk city, saw a decrease in the number of looms by 80 percent, with only six mills working exclusively with silk. The next few decades saw increasing international competition from low-wage countries. The Catoir Silk Co., established in 1918, was the last silk mill in Allentown and closed in 1989. The industry was killed off through the globalization of the 1960s through 1980s, that brought cheaper goods produced in other countries. Low wage labor, which had originally brought the silk industry to the Lehigh Valley, was what led to its departure from the region.</p><br>
<h2>Child labor and female employment</h2><br>
<p>Throughout the late 1800s, child labor was common throughout Pennsylvania silk mills as many families depended on additional income for subsistence. Compared to adult males whose yearly wages hovered around $485.11 and adult females whose had remained at $345.44, minors of either sex only earned roughly $143.64 yearly. This large wage gap made child labor attractive to mill owners, and quickly drew manufacturers to the Lehigh Valley area. Between 1880 and 1925, the value of silk products manufactured in Pennsylvania increased tenfold. At this time, working children were the cheapest form of labor used to maximize profits. In 1876, roughly 30 silk manufacturers opened plants in Pennsylvania largely due to the availability of child labor and the lack of concern for children in the wage labor force. By 1907, children comprised roughly 30% of the labor force throughout the Pennsylvania silk mills, many under the legal working age of 12.</p><br>
<p>Although child labor persisted throughout the early 1900s, a progressive reform to keep children in school and out of the silk mills was quietly brewing. Throughout the Progressive Era, journalists, settlement house workers and a philanthropic organization called the National Child Labor Committee (NCLC) studied, documented, and publicized the dangers of the work place for growing children. The committee pushed for legislation limiting hours of work and types of employment for young people and helped set a minimum legal working age. Between 1900 and 1920, the changes the reformers pushed for were slowly implemented but suffered many setbacks. Lack of enforcement by state factory inspectors made it difficult to ensure that silk mill manufacturers were abiding by the terms of the progressive reform and many laboring families still depended on their childrens wages. Despite this, childrens wages began to grow and soon after, children between the ages of 12 and 15 were slowly phased out of the silk mill labor force altogether. This progressive reform in setting a minimum legal working age led to the shift from children in the workforce to female employment.</p><br>
<p>In 1925, around the Lehigh Valley area, a study of immigrant women conducted by the United States Department of Labor and the United States Women&#39;s Bureau illustrated that there was a large shift in the number of wives and mothers that occupied positions in the silk mill industry. In the early 1900s the silk mills employed a large population of girls under the age of 18 who worked to financially support their families during this time of economic distress. Areas within the Lehigh Valley, such as Allentown and South Bethlehem, had two to threefold more girls under the age of 18 working compared to women over the age of 25. As the 1900s began to take shape, starting around the 1920s, the age of women changed drastically as new progressive laws pushed young females out of the industry. New legislation during this time led to an increase in employment of married women in labor industries.</p><br>
<p>The shift from child labor to the labor of adult, married women was one that all progressive pioneers strived for, yet may have seemed pessimistic during the late 19th century to early 20th century. As families began to require a higher level of financial assistance, this led to a need for at least more than one source of income. Wages at silk mills were often much lower than that needed to be able to efficiently support a family, although the wage was helpful as it was better than no income at all. Even with respect to the new legislation passed, parents still kept their children out of the workforce well over the legal age of fourteen. By the late 1920s it was widely acceptable to see women work outside of the house in order to provide additional income for families. In addition, young children were able to maintain more years of schooling, ultimately increasing their human capital for future endeavors.</p><br>
<h2>Silk Mill redevelopment</h2><br>
<h3>R&H Simon Silk Mill</h3><br>
<p>The R&H Simon Silk Mill was originally built in 1883 along Bushkill Creek on North 13th street in Easton, Pennsylvania. The mill was bought in 2006 by the Easton Redevelopment Authority, and developers Mark Mulligan and William Vogt of VM Development Group joined the $50 million project. Construction of the project began in 2010. In addition, another building at 544 N. 13th Street that is part of the Simon Silk Mill, will be developed into four additional apartments by B2 Ventures of Bethlehem, which is owned by developer Borko Milosev. The plans for the Mill include 150 residential units and at least 150,000 square feet of commercial space. The plan entails two thirds of the apartments to be one-bedroom spaces and the remaining third to be two-bedroom spaces. The new buildings will contain some of the original brick walls, refurbished wood floors and restored windows. In addition, a piece of industrial machinery will be removed from inside one of the mills and left in a prominent outdoor location. The refurbished area and apartments are intended to be ready for tenants to move in by spring of 2016. The projects success is crucial to the citys economic future and is intended to be a space for resident artists to form a community. Throughout the projects redevelopment stages, environmental remediation was necessary. In the basement of one of the main mill buildings, workers found contaminated soil. Due to the buildings industrial history as a silk mill, soil and groundwater was contaminated with metals and organic compounds. Remediation of the area was approved by state environmental officials and was successfully completed. The R&H Simon Silk Mill was added to the National Register of Historic Places in December 2014.</p><br>
<h3>Dery Silk Mill</h3><br>
<p>Located in Catasauqua, the Dery Silk Mill was built in 1897 by Desiderius George Deri. The building is an L-Shaped building with three stories on Race and Front streets and once employed 400 workers. The renovations of the mill began in 1984 with the purpose of improving the walls by removing poison ivy, steam-cleaning and repointing. In addition, the windows were removed, improved, and reinstalled. The now rental complex has 35 units with restored maple flooring and spaces divided by dry wall and duplexes created with beams and lofts.</p><br>
<h3>Adelaide Silk Mill</h3><br>
<p>Opening in November 1881, the Adelaide Silk Mill was built by businessmen from Allentown for the Phoenix Manufacturing Co., a silk maker from Paterson, New Jersey looking to relocate. The mill is a U-shaped building at 333 W. Court St. off of Jordan Creek in the Lehigh Canal. The mill was redeveloped after operations ended in 1964. Currently, the mill is vacant but it has been used as an antique market, a fitness facility, and many other businesses. There were plans in 2013 to convert the two buildings into 150 apartments and commercial space under the declaration of a Keystone Opportunity Zone, which would exempt the property from real estate taxes for the first ten years. The Allentown School Board and Lehigh County Commissioners voted against this.</p><br>
<h3>Bethlehem Silk Mill</h3><br>
<p>The Bethlehem Silk Mill is located on West Goepp Street in Bethlehem. In 2006, the complex was in the process of being developed by Ashley Development and Philadelphia-based Campus Apartments Inc. into student apartments for Moravian College. The $15 million redevelopment project was four months from completion when a fire broke out. The fire marked the end of Moravian College&#39;s investment in the redevelopment project. The five building complex was then re-bought in 2008 by Abraham Atiyeh. Abraham Atiyeh continued with the plans to turn the complex into apartments. As of October 2012, Atiyeh had sold a portion of the property to his former business partner, Ramzi Haddad. This portion of the property was pre-approved for the building of 90 more apartments. As of 2012, Atiyeh also had an ongoing discussion to sell the existing 61 apartments to a New York Real Estate Company. The Bethlehem Silk Mill was added to the National Register of Historic Places in February 2005.</p><br>
<h3>Lipps & Sutton Silk Mills</h3><br>
<p>The Lipps & Sutton Silk Mill is located in Fountain Hill, Pennsylvania. The mill was completely redeveloped in the early 1990s into multiple use spaces some of which include: apartments, municipal offices and police headquarters. The buildings were renovated using federal historic preservation tax credit. In addition, in 1993, the mill was placed on the National Register of Historic Places because it was one of the first mills in the area during the Industrial Revolution. Currently, it is the location of the administrative offices for the Fountain Hill Borough.</p><br>
<h2>In music</h2><br>
<p>The folk/country song Silken Dreams performed by Anne Hills and Michael Smith is a worker&#39;s lament about the gradual closure of the silk mills in Allentown. The lyrics are available online as well</p><br>
<p>Fountain Hill Historic District is a national historic district located at Bethlehem, Lehigh County and Northampton County, Pennsylvania. Despite the name, it is mostly excludes the borough of Fountain Hill, which is an independent municipality located mostly to the southwest of the district.</p><br>
<p>The district includes 44 contributing buildings and 1 contributing structure. The buildings include elaborate, architecturally distinctive mansions, smaller managers and merchants dwellings, and public church buildings. The mansions are the focus of the district and include the Linderman / Schwab Mansion (c. 1870), Robert Sayre House (c. 1857), and Elisha Packer Wilbur Mansion (c. 1863). Notable non-residential buildings include the Masonic Temple and Cathedral Church of the Nativity (c. 1866). The Hill to Hill Bridge is also included in the district.</p><br>
<p>Located in the district is the separately listed Lehigh Valley Railroad Headquarters Building.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Horse Barn at Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah, is a rustic structure built in 1929, shortly after the National Park Service assumed control of the new park lands from the USA Forest Service. The Park Service set about improving facilities in the park, using a design by the Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as an example of NPS design work of the late 1920s.</p><br>
<p>The barn measures about 18 by. The wood-frame building is covered in 12 in weatherboards and rests on a concrete slab. The west side features a board-and-batten entry door with a small vision light. with a four-by-four light sliding window on the main level and a four-light hopper window in the gable. The east side includes a four-by-four light sliding window on the main level and a board-and-batten door for hay in the gable. The south side includes board doors flanked by four-by-four sliding windows and a paneled entry door at the south end. The interior of the barn has been converted to a mechanic&#39;s shop. It consists of two small rooms and one large room, with board wall finishes in the small rooms and gypsum wallboard finish in the larger room. The barn has been moved from its original location to a small collection of NPS and Utah Parks Company structures that were moved to the site from the 1950s. The original site was close to the present Old National Park Service Housing Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The barn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 25, 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Myers-White House, also known as Sycamore Grove, is a private residence located near Hertford in the Bethel Township of Perquimans County, North Carolina. It is one of the oldest private homes in the state. The exact construction date is not known. It was likely constructed in the early 1700s. Thomas Long  is assumed to be the architect and builder. It is a -story frame dwelling with brick ends and a gambrel roof. It is one of the two known gambrel roof houses with</p><br>
<p>brick ends in the state. It is a member of the small group of 18th century frame houses with brick ends in northeast North Carolina; the group includes the Sutton-Newby House and the Old Brick House.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>The Olmsted Power Station is a historic building located in Orem, Utah, United States. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The hydropower plant was dedicated on April 12, 1904 and decommissioned on September 21, 2015. The plant will become a museum after a seismic refit of the building.</p><br>
<h2>Olmsted Station Power House * Off USA Highway 189 * Provo, Utah</h2><br>
<p>The Olmsted Station Power House was built in 1904, by L. L. Nunn and his brother and chief engineer, P. N. Nunn. The plant received its name in honor of Fay Devaux Olmsted, who played a key role in helping the Nunn brothers design the plant, contracted and died from Tuberculosis before the plant was completed. The plant, when running at full capacity, was able to provide twelve megawatts of power, which is enough for about 3,000 homes. Along with the Power station, these men established an institute, known as the Telluride Institute, which was home to approximately forty students. This institute was the first corporation sponsored electrical school in the USA and continued to operate until 1912 when Utah Power and Light Company attained the property.</p><br>
<h3>History</h3><br>
<p>In order to harvest the power of falling water, new technology needed to be invented. To facilitate this, the Nunn brothers worked with George Westinghouse, hoping he would be able to use falling water to power transformers, switches, and water powered generators. The Nunn brothers provided Westinghouse with a pouch of gold worth $50,000, and eventually, the technology was available so that the plant could be built and become an efficient energy source. The Olmsted power station was decommissioned in 2015.</p><br>
<h3>Original equipment</h3><br>
<p>Although there have been extensions to the original equipment in both 1917 and 1948, the Olmsted Station Power House still retains some original equipment. The original equipment comprises Three general Electric generators (2300 volts), Three Lambard governors, One general electric water driven exciter with Pelton wheel (125 DC volts), Nine general electric transformers (2300–44,000 volts), Nine Westinghouse oil switches, One sycrometer, and Four general electric field rheostats.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972; the listing included two contributing buildings on 5.2 acre.</p><br>
<p>Glen Hurst is a historic house, located at 4933 MacArthur Boulevard, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the Palisades neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was designed by Richard Ough in 1892, and built by John C. Hurst.</p><br>
<p>The building is an example of Queen Anne style architecture. It is one of the five original houses in the Palisades.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 1, 2005.</p><br>
<p>The True Reformer Building is an historic building constructed for the Grand United Order of True Reformers, an African American organization founded by William Washington Browne. The building is at 1200 U Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C. in the U Street Corridor  neighborhood. It was designed by John Anderson Lankford. The building was commissioned by the Grand United Order of True Reformers in 1902. It was dedicated on July 15, 1903.</p><br>
<h2>Building history</h2><br>
<p>It was designed by John Anderson Lankford, the city’s first African-American registered architect. The building was commissioned by the Grand United Order of True Reformers in 1902, and was dedicated on July 15, 1903.</p><br>
<p>The Grand United Order of True Reformers started in 1873 as an African American fraternal association and temperance organization; and was re-organized in into the Grand Fountain of the United Order of True Reformers in Richmond, Virginia, as a business venture founded by William Washington Browne, before their dissolution in 1934. At one point, it was the largest black fraternal society and black-owned business in the United States. A.W. Holmes was president of the group in 1911 as retrenchment was sought and board membership included Adolphus Humbles of Lynchburg, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>During the True Reformer Building&#39;s dedication in 1903, the Reverend William Lee Taylor stated that the goal was to "put up a building in Washington that would reflect credit upon the Negro race." It is significant that the building took shape as a result of an African American architect, with African American financing, and built with African American hands. The Reformer Building was the first building in the United States to be designed, financed, built, and owned by the African American community after Reconstruction.</p><br>
<h2>Ownership changes</h2><br>
<p>The Knights of Pythias bought the building in 1917.</p><br>
<p>From 1937 to 1959, the Boys Club of the Metropolitan Police of the District of Columbia, leased the building; Eleanor Roosevelt rededicated the building.</p><br>
<p>Other tenants have included: Washington Conservancy, the DC Chapter of the National Negro Business League, the First Separate Battalion. Duke Ellington gave his first performance here.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. The Public Welfare Foundation bought it in 1999. It was renovated from the winter of 2000 until February 2001 according to designs by Sorg & Associates.</p><br>
<h2>Public art</h2><br>
<p>G. Byron Peck&#39;s mural to Duke Ellington on the side of the building used to overlook the U Street Metro station.</p><br>
<p>It was completed in 1997, and located on the sidewall of Mood Indigo.</p><br>
<p>It was relocated to the True Reformer Building.</p><br>
<p>The mural was removed in 2012 for restoration. Its removal was made permanent in 2013 due to damage. On 3 May 2019 a replica of the mural was returned to the building</p><br>
<p>The Bryce Canyon Lodge Historic District surrounds and includes the Bryce Canyon Lodge in Bryce Canyon National Park, as well as the survivors of a large complex of buildings that comprised the core of the park&#39;s visitor services area in the 1930s.</p><br>
<h2>Lodge and cabins</h2><br>
<p>The complex is located near the edge of the Paunsaugunt Plateau in the northern end of the park, centered on the Bryce Canyon Lodge, designed by architect Gilbert Stanley Underwood. The National Historic Landmark district includes the Lodge and fifteen so-called "Deluxe Cabins," the survivors of a complex that included more than sixty cabins and service structures surrounding the Lodge.</p><br>
<h2>Historic district</h2><br>
<p>The historic district, which was expanded from the original National Historic Landmark district in 1995, includes service structures and a greater portion of the wooded landscape around the main Lodge. Buildings in the historic district include a recreation hall, a dormitory for employees, a pump house, a linen house, and the remaining six standard cabins.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The dormitory, the only structure in the complex that was not designed by Underwoods office, was designed in a compatible style by the Office of the Chief Engineer of the Utah Parks Company and reviewed by the Park Service. Built between 1937 and 1938, the one-story building is a "studs-out" structure linke others in the neighborhood, with sheathing mailed to the inside face of the buildings frame, leaving the frame exposed to the outside. Unlike other stud-out structures in the neighborhood, the dormitory lacks diagonal framing members. The building has a hipped roof. A porch on the north side shelters the main entry. The east and west elevations also have entry doors. The interior comprises a central hallway with accommodations to either side. A former recreation room has been converted to additional dormitory space. The remodeled interior does not contribute to the building&#39;s significance.</p><br>
<p>The recreation hall, also known as the girls dormitory, was built about 1927. The one-story frame studs-out structure is covered with a hipped roof. The interior is divided into three major rooms, the largest of which is a recreation room with a large stone fireplace. The interior has not been extensively remodeled, and contributes to the buildings significance.</p><br>
<p>The pumphouse is built similarly to the deluxe cabins, with vertical log framing, and is believed to have been designed at about the same time. The small rectangular building has a gable roof. It has two rooms divided from each other by a stone wall. One room contains a pump, and the other is a storage area. The sheathing and wood roof rafters are exposed to the interior. The linen house is nearby. A studs-out building, it is believed to have been built at about the same time as the standard cabins. The building is filled with shelves and is used for linen storage. The interior is liberally covered with graffiti left there by concessions employees, the earliest dating to the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>There are six standard cabins remaining, all built about 1925. All are one-story studs-out structures with hipped roofs. The shingles are applied in a wavy pattern similar to that of the main lodge. Bathrooms and possibly ceilings were added to the cabins in 1940-41. The cabins stand between the lodge and the deluxe cabins, with the pump house and linen house at the farthest end. All, including the two utility structures, were designed by Underwood.</p><br>
<p>The district was established through the expansion of the district encompassing the Bryce Canyon Lodge and deluxe cabins, but unlike the original district, is not a National Historic Landmark District. The expansion took place on April 25, 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Allegheny Furnace is an historic iron furnace, which is located in Altoona, Blair County, Pennsylvania, USA.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The furnace was built in 1811, with alterations and upgrades added in 1847 and 1852. The furnace went out of blast in 1817 and was not revived until 1835. It used charcoal as fuel until it was converted to coke in the 1860s. It permanently closed down in the 1870s.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Central Trust Company Buildings are two historic commercial buildings located at Altoona, Blair County, Pennsylvania. They are two five-story buildings connected by a stair and elevator tower. The buildings measure 130 by. The Central Trust Company Building was built in 1905 and is a white glazed brick building with brownstone trim in the Beaux Arts style. The entry features two Ionic order engaged granite columns. The adjoining Brett Building was built between 1922 and 1924.</p><br>
<p>The buildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 and are located in the Downtown Altoona Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Loop C Comfort Station and the Loop D Comfort Station are public toilet facilities in Bryce Canyon National Parks North Campground, individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995 for their significance as structures relating to the parks administrative infrastructure, and for their integrity as examples of rustic architecture. The National Park Service rustic style structures were built in 1935 as part of the first planned campground in the park by Civilian Conservation Corps labor. Plans were developed by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs. Similar facilities in Loops A and B were not built until the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>The comfort stations are rectangular log buildings of one story. The logs are saddle-notched. The interior has separate facilities for men and women, separated by a utility room. The gable roof is covered with wood shakes. Rafter ends are exposed. The original chopper-cut log ends have been cut down flat.</p><br>
<p>The comfort stations were individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 25, 1995. The entire campground was considered for eligibility, but retains little historic integrity apart from the two comfort stations.</p><br>
<p>The New York Hotel is a historic hotel in Fruitland Park, Mississippi. Constructed in 1914, the building is a 1½ story, 12 bedroom, shingle-style structure containing 3600 square feet . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Establishment of the Fruitland Park community was part of an organized effort to convert cutover pinelands of south Mississippi into farms. Thousands of parcels of cutover land in the South were marketed to farmers in the midwestern and northeastern United States between 1900 and 1920. The New York Hotel operated from 1914 until 1919 to serve potential buyers of property in the planned community. Since most of the immigrant farm families returned to their homelands after becoming discouraged by the hot summers and failed crops, Fruitland Park never developed into the town that was envisioned. After the hotel closed, the structure served as a single-family dwelling.</p><br>
<p>Friendship Armstrong Academy is a public charter school located in the Truxton Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Historically a black school, it is housed in the former Armstrong Manual Training School, also known as the Samuel Chapman Armstrong Technical High School.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The school&#39;s original site contained 36,952 square feet and was purchased at a cost of $15,187.50. With the passage of an act of the 55th Congress, approved March 3, 1899, the school first bore the name Manual Training School No. 2, later changed to Armstrong Manual Training School.</p><br>
<p>Designed for African-American students, it was one of the city&#39;s two segregated manual training schools, the other one being William McKinley Manual Training School (Manual Training School No. 1) for white students. It was named in honor of Union brevet Brigadier General Samuel C. Armstrong who became an educator. On October 24, 1902, Dr. Booker T. Washington made the principal address at the dedication ceremony. The school is located on P Street, between First and Third Streets, Northwest. In 1918, the school was used as a hospital for African-American influenza patients.</p><br>
<p>The Armstrong High Annex was dedicated on April 24, 1927. Chief Justice Walter I. McCoy of the District Supreme Court presided at the formal dedication. Proctor L. Dougherty, president of the board of District Commissioners made the presentation on behalf of the Commissioners. Addresses of acceptance were made by Charles F. Carusi, president of the Board of Education; Dr. Frank W. Ballou, Superintendent of Schools, and Garnet C. Wilkinson, Assistant Superintendent. Professor Dwight O. W. Holmes, dean of the college of education, Howard University, delivered an address on "The Citizenry and The Schools.</p><br>
<p>Armstrong High School discontinued operating as a high school in 1958. The building served as Veterans High School, between 1958 and 1964. In 1964, it has served as the Armstrong Adult Education Center. The Dorothy Height Charter School operated in the building until its charter was revoked in 2015.</p><br>
<p>The building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. It is currently functioning as an elementary public charter school under the name Friendship Armstrong Academy.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The design of the school was selected by competition. A circular letter dated July 22, 1899 was sent to a large number of well known Washington architectural firms inviting them to participate. Of the fourteen designs received, the one provided by local architect, Waddy B. Wood, was selected. Arthur Cowsill was the builder overseeing the construction of the building that commenced in 1900 and was completed in 1902. The building and site cost $140,000 and the equipment, $38,800, making a total of $178,800.</p><br>
<p>The original section of the building was designed generally in the Renaissance Revival style with a symmetrical facade plan of a central projecting pavilion flanked by two recessed sections. Well-placed classical details, such as the dentiled cornice, the elaborate pediments over the two main doors, and the cartouche at the corner pilasters, provide a sense of monumentality to the building. These elaborated main exterior materials were yellow brick. The exterior trim materials were limestone. The windows were 1 over 1 light sash with flat arches on both floors. The lintels and sills were made from limestone. In the central pavilion, the windows were separated by ionic pilasters that extended the height of the two main floors, giving a colonnaded effect to the facade. The door surround was composed of limestone with an unusual carved limestone pediment supported with carved foliated consoles. The roof is flat. A bracketed cornice built of limestone marks the top of the original section.The granite stairs rise from the sidewalk level to the first floor. The transom above the door is elaborated with fish scale detail. The girls entrance and a boys entrance were placed under the fourth window from either end of the central pavilion. The recessed areas on either side of the central pavilion contained four windows.</p><br>
<p>The power plant consisted of two 50 horse-power engines and dynamos, two 70 horse-power boilers, generating light, heat and power. The entire building was lit by electricity. There were classrooms for academic work, four laboratories, arrangements for experiments in physics and chemistry and material for serving and cooking. There were four shops for machine work, wood-turning, carpentry, etc., where a thorough course in practical mechanics was given.</p><br>
<p>During the 1910s and 1920s, the D.C. Commissioners acquired land adjacent to the school. An annex was constructed on the south side of the school between 1924 and 1927. The later additions, including the third floor and the adjoining annex, were designed to harmonize with the original section.</p><br>
<h2>Academic and technical curriculum</h2><br>
<p>Curriculum was designed according to the educational philosophies of Samuel C. Armstrong and Booker T. Washington. It provided training for black students in a range of trades based on the belief that "all forms of labor, whether with head or hand are honorable."</p><br>
<p>Twenty-four instructors constituted the original teaching corps. The enrollment was 342 children, with seats for only 303. To relieve the pressure, however, the Board of Education recommended an additional building, with increased seating and shop facilities, asking for an additional appropriation of $65,000 for the same and also, that the salary of the principal be raised from $1,600 to $2,000 per annum.</p><br>
<p>With the expansion of the school, the course offerings included both academic and technical subjects. The Annex was designed to recognize the practicability of technical high schools which would enable those who did not continue formal education beyond the high school period to embark upon life equipped with the knowledge of trade.</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<h3>Principals</h3><br>
<p>Wilson Bruce Evans, 1902–1912</p><br>
<p>Garnet C. Wilkinson, 1915–1916</p><br>
<p>Carter G. Woodson, 1917–1918</p><br>
<p>Benetta B. Washington</p><br>
<p>Francis A. Gregory</p><br>
<p>Lashawn Brown</p><br>
<p>Jeffery Scanlon</p><br>
<p>Dr. Joseph Webb</p><br>
<h3>Faculty and alumni</h3><br>
<p>Jimmy Cobb</p><br>
<p>Ford Dabney, ragtime pianist, composer, jazz band leader</p><br>
<p>Billy Eckstine, musician</p><br>
<p>Duke Ellington, 1913–1917, composer and pianist</p><br>
<p>Lillian Evanti, opera singer</p><br>
<p>Len Ford, Pro Football Hall of Fame inductee</p><br>
<p>Rick Henderson</p><br>
<p>Osie Johnson</p><br>
<p>Bill Kenny</p><br>
<p>John Malachi, jazz pianist</p><br>
<p>Bubba Morton</p><br>
<p>Brenda Ray Moryck</p><br>
<p>Nathaniel Allison Murray, faculty, co-founder of Alpha Phi Alpha</p><br>
<p>Hubert B. Pair</p><br>
<p>Charlie Rouse</p><br>
<p>Billy Stewart</p><br>
<p>Alma Thomas, artist</p><br>
<p>Decatur Trotter</p><br>
<p>Samuel Wilbert Tucker</p><br>
<p>Rufus P. Turner</p><br>
<p>Chancellor Williams</p><br>
<p>John A. Wilson.</p><br>
<p>Willie Wood</p><br>
<p>Inscription "B" is a survey mark that was left at the confluence of the Colorado and Green rivers in Utah in 1889 by the Robert Brewster Stanton party as they surveyed a railway route.</p><br>
<p>The inscription reads:STA 84. 89 + 50</p><br>
<p>D. C. C. &.P. R.R.</p><br>
<p>May 4th 1 8 8 9</p><br>
<p>Stanton and his crew were surveying for a proposed railroad, the Denver, Colorado Canyon and Pacific Railroad (D.C.C. & P.), which was planned to run from Grand Junction, Colorado to the Gulf of California. The railroad was never built. The inscription measures about 25 in by 11 in on a boulder about 100 ft from the Green River.</p><br>
<p>The site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 7, 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Alma Thomas House is an historic house, located at 1530 15th Street, N.W., in the Logan Circle neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1875, by Thomas G. Allen, the Italianate row house was the residence and studio of noted African-American artist Alma Thomas (1892–1978).</p><br>
<p>Rosa Douglass Sprague, daughter to Frederick Douglass, lived at 1530 15th Street, before Alma Thomas&#39;s parents moved in, in 1907.</p><br>
<p>Noted African American artist Alma Thomas lived in the home until her death in 1978 along with a sister, J. Maurice Thomas. John Maurice Thomas, who was named for their father, lived at the home until her death in 2004, and the home passed to a nephew, who later sold the home.</p><br>
<p>The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and is a contributing property to the Greater Fourteenth Street Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Denis Julien Inscription is a rock-carved graffito purportedly left by French- American trapper Denis Julien in southern Utah when he was traveling in the area in the late 1830s or early 1840s, one of the first Europeans to enter the area. The inscription is within the boundaries of Canyonlands National Park, on the bank of the Colorado River. The inscription reads:</p><br>
<p>Denis Julian</p><br>
<p>MAIZ</p><br>
<p>1836&#39;</p><br>
<p>The misspelling of "Julien" has led to doubts about its authenticity. One interpretation is that the apparent "a" is a script "e." The inscription was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 7, 1988.</p><br>
<p>The inscription is one of at least eight that Julien left in Utah between 1831 and 1844.</p><br>
<p>The Childrens Country Home, also known as the Hospital for Sick Children, is a historic building located in Washington, D.C.s Woodridge neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Founded as a summer camp for sick children, the Norman cottage building was built in 1929 to 1930.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by Nathan C. Wyeth, and Francis P. Sullivan.</p><br>
<p>First Lady Lou Henry Hoover laid the cornerstone.</p><br>
<p>There were additions in 1968, and 1991 to 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Denis Julien Inscription is an incised carving on a rock face in a side canyon of the Green River north of Canyonlands National Park in southwestern Grand County, Utah, United States. The site is about 750 ft to the east of the Green River in Hell Roaring Canyon, at the top of a talus slope. The inscription was left by trapper Denis Julien in 1836, when he was one of the few Europeans in southern Utah. The panel reads:</p><br>
<p>D. Julien</p><br>
<p>1836</p><br>
<p>3 mai</p><br>
<p>A boat with a mast is depicted to the right of the lettering, with a bird-like object below. Later travelers have left their own markings nearby. The Julien is one of at least eight that he left in Utah between 1831 and 1844. The inscription is significant in depicting an apparent sailboat, supporting the theory that he sailed upstream against the current as the date progression of his inscriptions would imply. Nearby inscriptions left by Bureau of Reclamation employees in 1914 on a damsite survey expedition are also considered significant.</p><br>
<p>The McDonald Mansion, also known as Mableton, is an historic residence in Santa Rosa, California. It was built in 1876 in the Victorian Stick/Eastlake style as a summer home for the McDonald family, whose primary residence was in San Francisco.</p><br>
<p>After the death of the senior McDonalds, the eldest son Mark Jr. and his wife Isabelle eventually became sole owners of Mableton, and made it their primary residence. By the early 1920s, the two began to extensively remodel Mableton to suit their own tastes.</p><br>
<p>In 1959, Mabeltons exterior was used in the filming of Walt Disneys Pollyanna.</p><br>
<p>In 1977, during a restoration process, a fire destroyed a large part of the house. The owner, Dr. Jack Leissring, rebuilt the house. He sold it in 2005 to technology entrepreneur John Webley and his wife Jennifer. As of 2018, they remain the owners of the house.</p><br>
<p>In 2006, the Rynerson O&#39;Brien Architecture firm began a five-year renovation of the home. The overhaul included restoring the exterior, recreating Victorian theme rooms throughout the home, and adding new features to the backyard.</p><br>
<p>The Jacob Isett House and Store, also known as Arch Spring Farm, is an historic American home and store building that is located in Arch Spring, Blair County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The property includes the Jacob Isett House (1805), store (1799), and summer kitchen; five wood frame outbuildings (c. 1870); and various archaeological remains. The house is a -story, seven-bay, limestone dwelling, which was designed in a vernacular Georgian style. Connected to the house is the one-story summer kitchen. The store is a two-story limestone building. The wood frame outbuildings are a wood shed, weigh shed, stable, barn, and implement shed. The archaeological site includes the remains of an integrated mill village.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>Fort Roberdeau, also known as The Lead Mine Fort, is an historic fort, which is located in Tyrone Township, outside Altoona, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1778, during the American Revolution, Fort Roberdeau was occupied until 1780. Initial efforts were made to reconstruct the fort between 1939 and 1941 by concerned local agencies with support from the National Youth Administration. The stockade was finally restored as a Bicentennial project between 1975 and 1976.</p><br>
<p>The original fort was built of horizontal logs with a bastion at each corner, and was erected by General Daniel Roberdeau to protect local lead mining activities from the Native Americans and Tories.</p><br>
<p>The site consists of the reconstructed fort and its structures (officers quarters, storehouse, barracks, blacksmith shop, lead miners cabin, powder magazine, and lead smelter), a restored barn (1859) which serves as visitor center, a restored farmhouse (circa 1860), a sinkhole, a trail system, and a log house (2012), which was built in the style of an original frontier house.</p><br>
<p>In July 2018, the Mt. Lion Observatory was opened on the grounds of the fort as a joint venture between the Fort Roberdeau Association and Neil Armstrong Planetarium at Altoona Area High School. The site is open May 1 through October 31, and the Observatory hosts public and private groups throughout the year.</p><br>
<p>Open to the public as an historic site, this historic fort is administered and owned by Blair County.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Kriegshaber House, now the Wrecking Bar Brewpub, is a historic Beaux-Arts mansion on 292 Moreland Avenue NW in Inman Park, Atlanta. It was built around 1900. Victor Hugo Kriegshaber  was founder and president of the Atlanta Terra Cotta Company as well as director of the Atlanta Art Glass Co. and vice-president of the National Builders&#39; Supply Association.</p><br>
<p>The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, both individually and as a contributing property to the Inman Park-Moreland Historic District but is also listed separately on the national register. The building is also designated as a historic building by the City of Atlanta.</p><br>
<p>The Cathedral Valley Corral was constructed around 1900 by local cattlemen in the northern portion of what is now Capitol Reef National Park in Utah. It is one of the oldest examples of ranching use in the park. It coincided with a change in the use of the land, where cattle were grazed on the open range and collected into corrals for branding, vaccination and other procedures. The extensive use of open-range grazing practices led to the de-vegetation of portions of the area. The corral was used by the Jeffery and Morrel families. The corral site uses sandstone cliffs as part of the enclosure, with a wood fence closing off an alcove in a cliff. The pen is subdivided into a larger and smaller enclosure, with a cattle chute off the small pen.</p><br>
<p>The Cathedral Valley Corral was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 13, 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Civilian Conservation Corps Powder Magazine in Capitol Reef National Park, Utah, was used in the 1930s to store explosives for use by Civilian Conservation Corps laborers in the construction of improvements to the park. Much of the CCC&#39;s work in the park involved the quarrying of sandstone blocks and slabs, which required explosives. The magazine was built about 1938 in association with CCC Camp NM-2, later called NP-6, located to the west of Fruita at Chimney Rock. The Fruita ranger station and the powder magazine are the only structures remaining from the CCC tenure in the park.</p><br>
<p>The magazine consists of a single room, partially built into a hillside. Walls are native red sandstone, coursed, with a stone slab for a roof. The building measures 10.5 ft by 7.5 ft, with a dirt floor.</p><br>
<p>The magazine was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 13, 1999.</p><br>
<p>Cady-Lee is an historic house located in the Takoma neighborhood in Washington, D.C. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1975 as the Lucinda Cady House. The house is named for Lucinda Cady and her daughter Mary Lee who both owned the house.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Henry and Lucinda Cady moved to Takoma Park from Ashland, Virginia in 1886. Henry Cady was a real estate and insurance salesman. He sold properties largely in Takoma Park and South Brookland from his office at 520-10th Street, N.W. in Washington. At the time the area had 16 homes and about 100 people. They hired Washington architect Leon E. Dessez to design their new home. He had previously worked on the Washington Monument and designed the Admirals House, now known as Number One Observatory Circle, the official residence of the Vice-President of the United States. Frederick Dudley built the house, which was completed in 1887. Other large homes joined the Cadys along what was known as Magnolia Street, now Eastern Avenue.</p><br>
<p>The Cady&#39;s moved into their new home with their five children. They hosted services of the Episcopal Church in their home. Together with other Episcopalians in the area they organized Takoma Parish, now Trinity Episcopal Church. They held a concert at their home to help raise the funds for the new church, which was completed in 1893. Lucinda headed the Ladies Guild at the church for 16 years.</p><br>
<p>Henry Cady died in 1906 and Lucinda remained in the house until her death in 1934. Her daughter Mary, who was a school teacher, inherited the home and she and her husband B.K. Lee had electricity and indoor plumbing installed. The house became known as Cady-Lee at the time. Mary had little money in later years to update the house and created an apartment for herself on the main floor of the house after her husband&#39;s death. She invited relatives to move into the rooms on the upper floors.</p><br>
<p>Mary Lee died in 1973. By this time the other large homes along Eastern Avenue were torn down and replaced by garden apartments. The Cady-Lee was also targeted for demolition. Members of the community rallied to save the home and it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 28, 1975. It was the beginning of creating the Takoma Park Historic District in both Maryland and the District of Columbia, which was added to the National Register in 1983. Gerald and Sandra Kurtinitis bought the house for $68,000 the same year. They started to renovate the Cady-Lee room by room. They sold the house in 2000 to Frances Phipps who specialized in house rescues. She also had the financial means to finish the project. She did not intend to live in the house herself and looked for a non-profit agency to take it over. The Forum for Youth Investment bought the house in 2002 and now uses it for their offices. The upper floors and lower-level house the Forum staff and equipment. The first floor provides meeting space for Forum events and other non-profits.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Cady-Lee was designed in the Shingle Style that was popular on the east coast of the United States in the 1880s. The three-story structure is asymmetrical in design and is built over a basement. It contains 22 rooms, has 50 windows, 12-foot ceilings, seven gables and turreted sleeping porch. The main façade is dominated by a tower-like bay on the northeast corner. On the second story the dormer and the gable ends are covered in scalloped shaped shingles. They extend down the house to form the porch and veranda roofs. The roofline is varied and reflects the Shingle Style. It consists of gables and cross gables that are topped by finials and two brick chimneys with corbelled chimney caps.</p><br>
<p>The interior features carved oak moldings and a two-story oak staircase where a Tiffany-style stained glass window is located. It also houses six original fireplace mantels. The foyer on the first floor leads to a library with carved bookcases and a front parlor with an original cheery wood mantel and over-mantel. The dining room has a Chinese Chippendale style mantel. It also contains a decorative radiator that the Smithsonian Institution says is one of the few left of its kind. A kitchen, with a cast-iron wood-burning stove, and a morning room, with a hand painted mural of an English garden, are in the back of the first floor. The second floor contains five large rooms, of which one has a working fireplace, and a bath. The third floor contains six rooms, a kitchen and a bath.</p><br>
<p>The Hanks Dugouts are a series of pioneer dwellings in southern Utah, in what is now Capitol Reef National Park. The dugouts were constructed as temporary housing for the Ephraim K. Hanks family, Mormon pioneers who established the now-vanished Floral Ranch on Pleasant Creek in April 1883. The remains of three dugouts and one other structure remain at the site. All above-ground construction has collapsed. The dugouts were abandoned in 1888 when the Hankses built a four-room frame house, although the homestead claim of Hanks widow claims that a one-room log house was built at the time of settlement. The site includes debris such as ceramic and glass, and pieces of a wagon. The settlement reflects a typical early Mormon homestead of the time.</p><br>
<p>The site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 13, 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Leslie Morrell Line Cabin and Corral are located in the Cathedral Valley section of northern Capitol Reef National Park in Utah. The cabin was built in the 1920s on Lake Creek by Paul Christensen at his sawmill as a summer residence for Christensen and his family. Christensen sold the cabin to Leslie H. Morrell around 1935, who took the cabin apart and rebuilt it at its present site for use as a winter camp for cowboys on the Morrell ranch. The use continued until 1970 when the area was sold to the National Park Service. It is one of the best-preserved relics of ranching activities in the park.</p><br>
<p>The cabin was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 13, 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Patterson Mansion  is a historic Neoclassical-style mansion located at 15 Dupont Circle NW in Washington, D.C., in the United States.</p><br>
<p>It was built by Robert Wilson Patterson, editor of the Chicago Tribune newspaper, and used by him and his family for entertaining when he was in the city. Completed in 1903, it was deeded to the American Red Cross in 1948. The Red Cross sold it to the Washington Club in 1951. The structure was renovated and given a two-story addition in 1955. In June 2014, the Washington Club sold the mansion for $20 million to developer SB-Urban.</p><br>
<p>The mansion was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 5, 1972, and is one of two remaining mansions on Dupont Circle, the other being the Wadsworth House. It is a contributing property to both the Dupont Circle Historic District (added to the National Register in 1978) and the Massachusetts Avenue Historic District (added to the National Register in 1974).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>The Dupont Circle site</h3><br>
<p>The traffic circle that became Dupont Circle was first envisioned in 1791 by the L&#39;Enfant Plan that established the route of Massachusetts Avenue NW. Much of the street passed through marshy areas that restricted development, including the area around Dupont Circle. After the American Civil War, several large mansions were built around the circle, where much of the area was still forested and afforded privacy.</p><br>
<p>Major development began around Dupont Circle in 1871, when a group of mine owners from the western United States, led by Curtis J. Hillyer and Senator William Morris Stewart, purchased $600,000 of nearby land. A large number of palatial residences, including Stewart&#39;s Castle, were soon constructed on and around the circle. In response to demands by this politically influential group, the city made major improvements to Massachusetts and Connecticut Avenue NW. The traffic circle itself, which had been enclosed by a rough wooden fence since the 1860s, was landscaped, pedestrian paths laid, and drinking fountains and gas street lighting added. Known as "Pacific Circle", it was renamed Dupont Circle in 1882 when the site was chosen for a statue to Admiral Samuel Francis Du Pont that was erected in 1884.</p><br>
<h3>Building the house</h3><br>
<p>On March 30, 1900, Robert Wilson Pattersons wife, Elinor "Nellie" Medill Patterson, purchased the lot at 15 Dupont Circle for $83,406 ($ in dollars) from a Mrs. Anna Howell Stewart. Mrs. Patterson hired the architect Stanford White, who designed the Pattersons home in Chicago, to develop plans for the house. They were finalized in April 1901, with a projected cost of $85,000 ($ in dollars). began construction in June 1901. The home was nearly completed 18 months later. But on November 15, 1902, four days before her son Joseph&#39;s wedding to Alice Higinbotham, paint cans in the attic of the north wing of the house caught fire. Although the house suffered fire and water damage, it was repaired and the entire structure house completed by January 1903. The final cost of construction was $200,000 ($ in dollars).</p><br>
<h3>Patterson years</h3><br>
<p>Until 1922, Nellie Patterson kept a full staff of about 10 to 15 servants, dressed in livery, to provide services to the family and guests at the Patterson Mansion. Her husband, Robert Wilson Patterson, died in 1910.</p><br>
<p>Nellie Patterson spent less and less time in the Dupont Circle mansion over the years, preferring her long-time home in Chicago. She became morbidly obese, then suffered a heart attack and lost weight. In September 1922, Cissy Patterson (herself spending more time at her other homes and abroad) allowed her daughter, Felicia, and her new husband, Drew Pearson, to take up residence in the mansion. Nellie Patterson vacated 15 Dupont Circle for good in 1923, never to return, and deeded the property to Cissy that same year. Although Cissy formally took up residence there in 1923, she spent most of her time elsewhere. The house was barely occupied from 1923 to 1929, as the Pearsons left for Asia in 1925 and never returned to the home. Cissy Patterson&#39;s divorce from her first husband, Count Josef Gizycki, was finalized in 1917. She married New York City lawyer Elmer Schlesinger in 1925, but used the mansion little in the years afterward.</p><br>
<p>The Patterson Mansion was the home of President Calvin Coolidge and his wife, Grace Coolidge in 1927. The White House needed extensive renovation which rendered it unliveable while construction occurred. In February 1927, Cissy Patterson offered them the use of her empty home. The Coolidges stayed in the house from March 4, 1927, to June 13, 1927, after which they left for an extended vacation in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Mrs. Coolidge found the rooms, which slanted slightly due to the odd shape of the lot, cramped. She felt the house was far better designed when it came to entertaining.</p><br>
<p>From June 10 to June 12, 1927, Charles Lindbergh was a guest of the Coolidges at the Patterson Mansion upon his triumphant return from France after his non-stop flight across the Atlantic Ocean piloting the aircraft Spirit of St. Louis. Lindberghs mother, Evangeline Lodge Land Lindbergh, also stayed in the mansion during this time. The house was besieged by crowds every day he spent in the nations capital. On June 11, Lindbergh appeared three times at the second floor balcony to wave and briefly speak to the crowd. Some of the most iconic photos of Lindbergh were taken during his balcony appearances.</p><br>
<p>After Cissy Patterson reoccupied the mansion full-time in 1929, it became a center of social life in Washington, D.C. The home was decorated in Patterson&#39;s unique style. This included the heads and pelts of 13 big-game animals (deer, moose, mountain lion, and mountain goat, and others) hanging on the walls of the main staircase. The ballroom was decorated in the Louis Quinze style, with a life-size portrait of Nellie Patterson and furniture in blue, pink, and white colors. The walls of the second floor dining room were painted a deep red, and the furniture was mahogany. The second floor library was lined with bookcases and decorated with Chinese artwork. In front of each bedroom suite fireplace on the third and fourth floors were an animal skin rug. The second floor bedroom suite in the northeast corner of the house was painted in red.</p><br>
<p>Cissy Patterson originally willed the house to her daughter, Felicia. But after a family argument in 1942, Cissy changed her will and asked that the mansion be donated to the League of Republican Women of the District of Columbia. She changed her mind again in 1946 and left it to the American Red Cross.</p><br>
<h3>Post-Patterson owners</h3><br>
<p>Cissy Patterson died on July 24, 1948. Her will donated the building and most of its furnishings to the American Red Cross (ARC). (Family portraits and silverware were not included.) Cissys daughter, Felicia Gizycka (who had divorced Pearson and taken her fathers last name), received an income of $25,000 a year; a house and property in Port Washington, New York; property in North Dakota; and a substantial amount of jewelry, paintings, furnishings, and family heirlooms.</p><br>
<p>Felicia Gizycka challenged the will on September 13, 1948. Gizycka claimed it was not the last will signed by her mother, that Cissy was of unsound mind and under undue influence, and that the witnesses had not signed the will correctly. Over the next few months, the case took a number of twists and turns, including the suicide of a former beneficiary, an alleged break-in at the Gizycka home, and a number of accusations made by both sides in the dispute. Seven previous wills and two current codicils were discovered. The existence of so many other wills (all of which pre-dated the 1946 will), none of which substantially benefitted Felicia Gizycka, led to extensive legal maneuvers. A trial was set for January 18, 1949, and then moved to February 9. On January 28, 1949, a settlement in the case was reached by the parties. Under the new agreement, Felicia Gizycka received $400,000 from the estate (with the heavy state and federal inheritance and income taxes paid by the estate), along with the New York and North Dakota properties. In return, she gave up the right to inherit personal property, which would be used to help pay taxes. The settlement did not disturb the provisions of the will donating the Patterson Mansion and its contents to the Red Cross, but did allow the will to be probated and the deed transferred.</p><br>
<p>The Red Cross, however, had no use for the Patterson Mansion. The organization had a magnificent structure, the Neoclassical American Red Cross National Headquarters at 430 17th Street NW (completed in 1917), which served as its national headquarters. Furthermore, on July 1, 1947, Congress enacted legislation (P.L. 100-637) donating federal land along the north side of E Street NW between 20th and 21st Streets for a new District of Columbia Chapter headquarters. The national organization had already committed $700,000 to build this structure.</p><br>
<p>The Red Cross decided to sell the mansion instead. It opened the house to the public in April 1949 to build public interest in a forthcoming auction of the home&#39;s many furnishings. The auction raised little interest. The Red Cross put the building and its furnishings up for sale in November 1949 with a $700,000 asking price ($ in dollars).</p><br>
<p>The property lingered on the market until the Washington Club, a private womens club, bought the Patterson Mansion on January 11, 1951. The purchase price was not immediately disclosed, but later was discovered to be just $450,000 ($ in dollars). The club rented out the second and third floor bedrooms and their associated suites of rooms to club members. The third reception room, once Felicia Gizyckas bedroom and known as the Countess Room, was renamed the "Dorothy Betts Marvin Room" in honor of Washington Club president Dorothy Marvin, wife of George Washington University president Cloyd H. Marvin.</p><br>
<p>In 1956, the Washington Club constructed a two-story addition on the east side of the Patterson Mansion. The windows on the first and second floor on the east side were walled up, and three new doors cut on the first floor to provide access to the addition. Two doors were cut on the second floor. A butler&#39;s pantry, kitchen prep area, toilet, elevator entrance hall, and banquet hall were built on the ground floor. Stairwells were added on the four corners of the addition. A reception room and small toilet were constructed on the south end of the second of the addition, while a large auditorium occupied the central section. A stage, dressing rooms, and storage area were built on the north end of the second floor.</p><br>
<h3>2013 sale</h3><br>
<p>In the summer of 2013, the Washington Club put the Patterson Mansion up for sale, asking $26 million. John Matteo, the club&#39;s attorney at Jackson & Campbell, said the club was disbanding and no longer needed the space.</p><br>
<p>French Quarter Hospitality agreed to purchase the property on October 20, 2013, provided it won approval for renovation and expansion of the property from relevant local government authorities. French Quarter hired Studio 3877 Architects to design a six-story addition to wrap around the rear of the structure. The company planned to turn the mansion&#39;s first two floors into a bar, lounges, and a restaurant, and the two upper floors to become hotel rooms. The company said it would tear down the 1956 addition. Historic preservationists applauded the move, which would have preserved the original floor plan and opened up much of the historic mansion to the public.</p><br>
<p>The District of Columbia Historic Preservation Review Board ruled on November 9, 2013, that the original mansion was historic, but declined to give historic protection to the 1956 addition, removing a major obstacle to its demolition. But the board denied approval for the proposed six-story addition, saying it would destroy the historic character of the mansion. Consequently, French Quarter pulled out of the deal in December.</p><br>
<p>In February 2014, real estate developer SB-Urban agreed to buy the Patterson Mansion if the city approved its plan to subdivide the structure into "micro-unit" apartments (units 400 ft&sup2; or smaller). The buildings ballrooms and other spaces would become common areas. SB-Urban said it, too, wanted to tear down the non-historic addition. It proposed a seven-story new addition as well, but its addition would have uniform floors and be distant enough from the mansion that there would a "visual separation" from it. The Historic Preservation Review Board approved SB-Urbans design for an eight-story addition in late February 2014 after finding that revised designs provided enough visual distinction with the existing building. SB-Urban obtained a $31 million investment from CBD LLC, a District-based real estate investment firm, in August 2015. The two companies, which formed a joint venture to renovate the mansion, said they planned 92 mini-apartments for the site, with shared living space, an on-site chef providing meals, meeting space, a private wine cellar, and a fully staffed private bar in the mansion&#39;s ballroom. Hartman-Cox Architects is designing the renovation and addition.</p><br>
<p>The Ampeer Dupont Circle apartments opened in 2017. In 2020, Oakwood was appointed as management company; the following year, the property was rebranded as. The property includes 92 residential apartments fitted with kitchens and washer/dryers for long-term leasing and hotel accommodations suited for short and extended stays. It also includes a social kitchen, ballroom, and library.</p><br>
<h2>About the building</h2><br>
<h3>The exterior</h3><br>
<p>The mansion is in the Neoclassical style, with exterior Italianate decorative motifs. Some sources call it Italianate in style rather than Neoclassical.</p><br>
<p>The building is set on a polygonal lot. It is 128 ft on the P Street (south) side, 64 ft on the curved Dupont Circle side (southwest), 164 ft on the northwest side, and 132 ft on the east side. The building faces southwest, and a semi-elliptical concrete driveway connects P Street and Dupont Circle to provide access to the main entrance. The driveway creates a small forecourt.</p><br>
<p>The building is four stories high, with a basement. It is 60 ft high from sidewalk to roof ridgeline. The main entrance is set back from the southwest corner, at an obtuse angle. It is a loggia one bay wide and 8 ft deep. The Dupont Circle and P Street sides are both three bays wide and 39 ft in length. The east wall is 83 ft in length. The rest of the building consists of walls set at an obtuse angle, perpendicular, or parallel to an east–west axis. The foundations consist of concrete footings and slab.</p><br>
<p>The first floor exterior wall consists of limestone quoins</p><br>
<p>The entrance is reached by three limestone steps. The architrave of the entrance loggia is topped by a fruit-and-swag draped escutcheon. Smooth, variegated marble double-columns, topped by composite capitals, stand above the architrave. The entrance originally featured French doors, but were replaced by black enameled doors decorative by bas-relief wreaths.</p><br>
<p>The second-floor balcony is framed on either end by pilasters decorated with candelabra.</p><br>
<p>The third floor balcony is reached through French doors (framed with slit windows) as well. It features a low balustrade of turned granite interrupted by pedestals, which are decorated with variegated marble panels. The placement of the pedestals mimics the pillars and pilasters below. The two bay windows on either side of the balcony feature the same torches, swag, putti, panels, and molding similar to the rest of the third floor. Above the French doors is a large oval escutcheon with fruit-and-drapery swag which mimics the escutcheon over the doors to the loggia. A standing putto over each slit window supports the swag.</p><br>
<p>All exterior walls are faced with white marble over stone. All windows are double-hung. The first floor windows feature black wrought iron grillwork. The fourth floor windows have no decorative exterior elements.</p><br>
<h3>The interior: First floor</h3><br>
<p>The interior is constructed of load-bearing brick walls. The lighting is electric, and the heating system is gravity-rise.</p><br>
<p>The northwest wing was angled to align with Dupont Circle, while the rest of the house (south wing, center, northeast wing) was on a north–south axis perpendicular to P Street NW. The vestibule behind the loggia was on a northeast–southwest axis, and flanked on both sides by toilets—one of which was accessible by the billiard room to the northwest and the other by the reception hall to the southeast. The entrance hall was floored with polished terrazzo bordered by white marble. The ceiling was white plaster, and the walls were white plaster with a 6 in high wooden baseboard. The billiard room was access by a door in the west wall, and in the north-northwest corner was a door leading to a cloakroom.</p><br>
<p>The first floor reception hall had white plaster walls and ceiling, carpeted floors, and a 6 in high wooden baseboard. A fireplace existed in the west wall.</p><br>
<p>The billiard was similar to the reception hall, although it featured a dado rail 2 ft off the floor. Its walls were wood paneling (into which built-in bookcases were added after 1951). It featured a chimney in the south wall. This fireplace was much plainer than those in the rest of the house, and its mantel consisted of a sand-cast concrete mantel in the Georgian style.</p><br>
<p>The mainstaircase was flanked by smooth, variegated marble columns in antis. Ten marble steps lead up to a landing. In the east wall of the intermediate landing is a fountain. The stairs diverge at the intermediate landing, with nine more steps on the north and south leading to the second floor landing. The stringer, risers, and treads are all made of marble. The banister is of cast iron in a rinceau and cartouche pattern, with a handrail encased in red velvet.</p><br>
<p>The staircase fountain is made of white marble with grey and tan veins. The semi-circular bowl is supported by an eagle with outspread wings. Water pours from the mouth of a faun, above which is perched a swan in bas-relief. Decorated pilasters on either side of the fountain support a plain frieze, above which is an inset fan capped by an acroterion.</p><br>
<h3>The interior: Second floor</h3><br>
<p>The second floor layout is much simpler than the first floor. Ceilings throughout the floor are 12 ft high. The main staircase led to a foyer with a wood parquet floor in a herringbone pattern. The walls were plaster panels, separated by fluted marble pilasters on wood pedestals. The ceiling is white plaster with decorative moldings.</p><br>
<p>In the northwest corner was the library, accessed by double-panel wood doors with carved wood moldings around it. The flooring was similar to that of the foyer, and the ceiling of plaster. The walls were plaster, with a 7.5 in wooden baseboard and a dado rail at 3 ft. The room was originally lined with bookcases. A fireplace with marble hearth and mantel, surrounded by exquisite marble and plaster moldings, was in the northwest wall.</p><br>
<p>In the foyer, to the right of the door leading to the library, was a set of plain marble stairs with an intermediate landing and single turn which lead to the third floor. Behind the steps was a conservatory with a bay window facing northwest. From the intermediate landing, a door in the northeast wall gave out onto an orchestra balcony overlooking the ballroom. The base of the balcony is decorated with corbels, plaster drapery, and guttae.</p><br>
<p>The ballroom occupied the entire north wing. It was accessed via the foyer through glass doors. The ballroom ceiling was plaster. Its flooring was oak parquetry in a herringbone pattern with plaster walls, a 6 in wooden baseboard, and a dado rail at 3 ft. Flanking the doors, chimney, and windows and in the corners of the room were marble pilasters on wooden pedestals.</p><br>
<p>Behind the main stairs was a shaft, allowing the skylight to shine down to the first floor, and another butler&#39;s pantry.</p><br>
<p>A dining room occupied the south part of the second floor. Its flooring consisted of 6 by square flame maple wood parquetry, with a 5.5 in wooden baseboard, and a dado rail at 3 ft. Its walls and ceiling were plaster, with a decorative molding around the ceiling. The doors were similar to those of the library, and in the east wall was a fireplace with iron firebox and marble mantel in the Georgian style. The room was lit by six mirror-backed crystal wall sconces with three crystal torch-arms. A single 12-light crystal chandelier with two hidden light tiers and an elaborate brass canopy hung from the ceiling.</p><br>
<h3>The interior: Third and fourth floors</h3><br>
<p>Bedroom suites occupied the second and third floors. Each suite consisted of a bedroom, dressing room, and bathroom. There were three suites on the third floor, and one on the fourth floor.</p><br>
<h3>Changes to the original building</h3><br>
<p>The building has undergone modest internal changes since its construction. Almost all previous owners have made changes.</p><br>
<p>In 1927, the Washington Post reported that the house had 30 rooms and 10 bathrooms. This does not appear to have changed by the time of Cissy Pattersons death, as there were still 40 rooms in 1948. Although the northeast room on the first floor was originally a billiard room, by 1927 Cissy Patterson had changed it into a small library. Cissy Pattersons changes also include extending the wine cellar outward beneath the driveway by a distance of 10 ft in 1917. In March 1935, she hired the Otis Elevator Company to install an elevator and had the electrical power switched to AC from DC.</p><br>
<p>The Washington Club also made many changes to the house. Renovations included adding new doors, removing old doors to create portals, and new wiring, plumbing, plastering, and carpeting. In order to allow club members to use the upper bedrooms as private apartments, the staircase from the second floor foyer to the third floor was partitioned off. An exterior concrete stair leading from the former conservatory to the ground floor (for use as a fire escape) was also added. The garage was partitioned, an elevator added just inside the garage doors, and toilets added against the shared wall with the first floor billiard room (which now became the library). The first floor servants hall was partitioned as well to create an office and corridor. The second floor library was turned into a drawing room and its plaster walls covered over with walnut paneling. Felicia Grizyckas bedroom suite on third floor was turned into reception/board room.</p><br>
<p>Most significantly, the Washington Club closed off all the east wall windows on first and second floors. A two-story addition was constructed on the east side in 1956. New doors were cut through the walls on the first floor from the servants hall and kitchen, and the east wall of the pantry removed to provide access to the addition. On the second floor, new doors were cut from the butlers pantry and south of the fireplace in the ballroom. Another door was cut in the north wall near the northeastern corner to provide access to a new exterior concrete fire escape stairs. A dining room and foyer were constructed on the first floor of the addition, and a meeting room and reception room on second floor.</p><br>
<p>The Washington Club did not, however, alter the main marble staircase, its wrought iron balustrade with red velvet banister, or the fountain on intermediate landing between the first and second floors.</p><br>
<p>The Patterson Mansion was renovated again in 1985. The renovation was overseen by Oerhlein & Associates Architects.</p><br>
<p>In 2015, SB-Urban and Rooney Properties joined forces to renovate and expand the Patterson House and turn it into 92 apartment units. Manhattan Construction Company is the project&#39;s general contractor. Hartman-Cox Architects is the architect, with Darryl Carter Inc. as interior designer.</p><br>
<p>Highland Hall, also known as the Courthouse Annex, was a Presbyterian seminary, an historic school building for females, a radio school during World War II, and a county office building before it became a retirement home in 2016. It is located in Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>Highland Hall was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Designed by noted Philadelphia architect Samuel Sloan (1815-1884), Highland Hall was built sometime around 1865. It is now a four-story, L-shaped, stone building that features a mansard roof, which was a characteristic of the Second Empire style.</p><br>
<p>Highland Hall was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>It was originally built to serve as a Presbyterian seminary for both sexes. In 1911, it became a female academy and was officially named Highland Hall. It continued to be used as a girls&#39; school until 1940.</p><br>
<p>Highland Hall was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>In 1940 it became a Roman Catholic Minor Seminary of the Third Order Regular Franciscans for young men studying for the priesthood. It closed in 1968 with four students who transferred to St. Bernardine&#39;s Monastery for residence and continued their studies at Bishop Guilfoyle High School in Altoona.</p><br>
<p>In 1969, it was converted into a county office building.</p><br>
<p>Highland Hall was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Highland Hall was subsequently turned into a sixty-five and older, affordable housing facility. The renovation work was performed by Keller Engineers and S&A Homes.</p><br>
<p>Blair County Courthouse is a historic courthouse building located at Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1875–1876, and is a T-shaped stone building in the Gothic Revival style. The entrance is flanked by two square, three-story towers with truncated pyramidal roofs. The building generally features elaborate stonework and a five-story clock tower topped by a tall stone spire. A three-story rear addition was built in 1906.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Altoona Armory is a historic National Guard armory located at Logan Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania. The main armory building was built in 1938, and was an "I"-plan building in the Moderne style. The front section housed administrative functions and the rear was the former two-story stable area for the cavalry unit. Between these sections was the riding hall, which had a round arched roof. It was one of nine armories built in Pennsylvania between 1912 and 1938. Demolished.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Tyrone Armory is an historic National Guard armory located at Tyrone, Blair County, Pennsylvania. It was built between 1912 and 1918, and is an "I"-plan building built of Medina sandstone in the Late Gothic Revival style. The two-story front section houses administrative functions, and the rear is the former stable area. Between these sections is the drill hall, which has a hipped roof.</p><br>
<p>The armory was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Daniel Royer House is a historic home located in the community of Royer, Woodbury Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania. It was built in at least two sections. The oldest section is a three-bay, two-story stone section built about 1815. Built about the same time was a -story clapboard section. A two-bay by five-bay wing addition was probably built in the 1840s. It features a two-story porch across the length of the addition. The house is associated with the Royer family; early settlers of Woodbury Township and prominent in the local iron making industry.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Birmingham Bridge, also known as Huntingdon County Bridge No. 15 and Blair County Bridge No. 48, is a historic Pratt truss bridge spanning the Little Juniata River and located at Tyrone Township, Blair County and Warriors Mark Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania. It was built by the Pennsylvania Bridge Co. in 1898. It measures 137 ft in length and has a 14.7 ft bridge deck. It is the only means of access to two dwellings on the Blair County side of the river.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Broad Avenue Historic District is a national historic district located at Altoona, Blair County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 140 contributing buildings in a residential area of Altoona. The buildings were primarily built between 1880 and 1927, and reflect a number of popular architectural styles including Colonial Revival and Italianate. The area was developed as an early streetcar-oriented development in Altoona. Non-residential buildings include the Broad Avenue Presbyterian Church  and Broad Avenue United Methodist Church .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Downtown Altoona Historic District is a national historic district located at Altoona, Blair County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 240 contributing buildings in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Altoona. The buildings were primarily built after about 1860 and include residential, civic, social, and religious buildings. Although it does not encompass the entire downtown, it is for the most part the most urban part of Altoonas downtown district . Notable buildings include the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament , First Methodist Episcopal Church, First Presbyterian Church, First Evangelical Lutheran Church , USA Post Office , Fraternal Order of Eagles Building , Altoona City Hall, Casanave Building , Hutchison Block, McCrorys Department Store , and Aaron-Penn Furniture Building. Located in the district are the separately listed Central Trust Company Buildings, Mishler Theatre, and Penn Alto Hotel.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992, with a boundary increase in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The Knickerbocker Historic District is a national historic district that is located in Altoona, Blair County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This district includes 153 contributing rowhouse buildings that are located in a residential area of Altoona. The buildings were primarily built between 1903 and 1930, as affordable worker&#39;s housing and reflect a number of popular architectural styles, including Colonial Revival and Classical Revival. The buildings feature decorative parapets, bay windows, porch posts, pediments, and a variety of ornamentation. The district is visually dominated by the former Knikerbocker Hotel (c. 1906).</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Llyswen Historic District is a national historic district located at Altoona in Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States. The district includes 166 contributing buildings in a residential area of Altoona. The buildings are primarily single-family dwellings built between 1895 and 1940, and reflect a number of popular architectural styles including Colonial Revival and Queen Anne. Notable non-residential buildings include the Llyswen Methodist Episcopal Church, Ward Avenue United Presbyterian Church, Baker Elementary School and Llyswen Station.</p><br>
<p>Llyswen Station is a historic railway station designed by the Beezer Brothers.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Etna Furnace, also known as Mount Etna Furnace, Aetna Furnace, and Aetna Iron Works, is a historic iron furnace complex and national historic district located at Catharine Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania. The district includes five contributing buildings, six contributing sites, and two contributing structures. It encompasses a community developed around an iron furnace starting in 1805. Included in the district is the four-sided stone furnace , gristmill site , canal locks , site of lock keepers house , aqueduct , two small houses, the ruins of a charcoal house , the foundation of a tally house, a blacksmith shop , bank barn , foundation of a boarding house, three family tenant houses, two iron master mansions , a store and paymasters office , Methodist / Episcopal Church , and cemetery with graves dating between 1832 and 1859.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, with a boundary increase in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Hollidaysburg Historic District is a national historic district which is located in Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This district includes four hundred and twenty-six contributing buildings, which are located in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Hollidaysburg. The buildings are primarily frame and brick, with some dating as early as the 1830s.</p><br>
<p>Notable non-residential buildings include the African Methodist Episcopal Church, which was erected in 1885, the King-McClanahan House, which was built circa 1864 and is now the Allegheny Street bed and breakfast, the Matterns Orchard House, which was erected in 1830 and is now Holliday Real Estate LLC, the Presbyterian Church, which was built between 1869 and 1870, the Blair County Jail, which was erected in 1868, the Condron Opera House, which was built circa 1870, the Citizens National Bank Building, which was erected in 1902, the USA Post Office building, which was erected in 1917, and the Hollidaysburg Trust Company Building, which was erected in 1924.</p><br>
<p>Located in this historic district, but separately listed, are the Blair County Courthouse and Highland Hall.</p><br>
<p>Before permission is granted for exterior modifications to structures within this district, applications for renovations must first be reviewed by the Historic Architecture Review Board (HARB). Seven members serve on the HARB, each of whom are appointed by the Hollidaysburg Borough Council to serve a three-year term. Board members must also be a member of the Historic Preservation Commission, but may be non-residents of the Borough.</p><br>
<p>The Roaring Spring Historic District is a national historic district that is located in Roaring Spring, Blair County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This district includes 573 contributing buildings, three contributing sites, and two contributing structures that are locarted in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Roaring Spring. The earliest buildings date to the 1860s, when the community was founded as the region&#39;s first paper mill town. The buildings are primarily frame and brick, with notable examples of Colonial Revival and Queen Anne style architecture.</p><br>
<p>Notable non-residential buildings include the Odd Fellows Hall (1882), Hite&#39;s Furniture Store (c. 1888), the Roaring Spring Bank (1902), the old borough building and fire station (1906), the Zook Building (c. 1885), Bare Memorial Church of God (1889-1930), Trinity United Methodist Church (1898), the Blank Book Company buildings, and the Roaring Spring Passenger Station (c. 1905). Also located in the district are the Bare Memorial Fountain (1937) and Greenlawn Cemetery and Memorial Park.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Tyrone Borough Historic District is a national historic district that is located in Tyrone, Blair County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This district includes 349 contributing buildings and two contributing structures that are located in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Tyrone. The earliest buildings date to the 1850s, when the community was expanded as a junction town for the Pennsylvania Railroad. The buildings are primarily frame and brick, with notable examples of Late Victorian-style architecture.</p><br>
<p>Notable non-residential buildings include the Garman Building (1890), the Hiller Building (1892), the I.O.O.F Building, the Jones Building (1906), the White House Bed and Breakfast (1855), and St. Matthews Catholic Church (1880). Also located in the district are a railroad bed and viaduct (c. 1900) and road bridge at East 10th Street and Blair Avenue (c. 1900). Also located in the district but listed separately is the Tyrone Armory.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>St Matthews Tyrone PA.jpgSt. Matthews</p><br>
<p>Lincoln at 10th Tyrone PA.jpgHouse at 10th and Lincoln Streets</p><br>
<p>The Williamsburg Historic District is a national historic district that is located in Williamsburg, Blair County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This district includes 362 contributing buildings and six contributing structures that are located in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Williamsburg. The earliest buildings date to the 1830s, when the community was expanded as a canal town along the Pennsylvania Main Line Canal. The buildings are primarily frame and brick, with notable examples of Federal and Late Victorian style architecture.</p><br>
<p>Notable non-residential buildings include the Schwab Hotel (c. 1910), the Hollidaysburg Trust Company (1873), the Presbyterian Church (1841), Zion Lutheran Church (1907), the Church of the Brethren (1911), Williamsburg High School (1918), and the Community Elementary School building (1941). Also located in the district are the Presbyterian (c. 1824), Methodist (c. 1831), Lutheran (c. 1835), and Lutheran and German Reformed (c. 1804) cemeteries, Big Spring, and the Pennsylvania Main Line Canal and Pennsylvania Railroad right-of-way.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Williamsburg Historic District (Williamsburg, Pennsylvania) W 2nd St.jpgWest Second Street</p><br>
<p>Saint Paul African Union Methodist Church is an historic structure located in the Navy Yard section of Washington, D.C., United States. It is the only congregation in the District of Columbia of the oldest incorporated, independent African- American denomination in the country. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The African Union Methodist Protestant Church congregation that became Saint Pauls began as a prayer group in 1900. The church was designed by R.C. Archer, Jr., the second licensed African American architect in Washington. It was his first church commission in the city. The Gothic Revival style building was completed in 1924. Saint Pauls is the only church that survives from a predominantly working-class African-American neighborhood in the Navy Yard area. It is also one of the area&#39;s last surviving buildings from the first part of the 20th century. In the 1940s, 700 units of public housing were built in the area. In the early 21st century, mixed-income townhomes have replaced the rest of the historic structures surrounding the church.</p><br>
<p>The Aaronsburg Historic District is a national historic district located in Aaronsburg, Centre County, Pennsylvania. The district includes two hundred and seventy-seven contributing buildings, three contributing sites, and one contributing object in Aaronsburg.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History and features</h2><br>
<p>The district is almost exclusively residential with one grocery store and a post office. Among the types of residential building types present are the two deep / sidehall type, English "I"-type, connected or double houses, simple Gothic type, and an eclectic cubic type. Notable dwellings include the Jacob Oliver House (c. 1820), Bollinger House and Shop (c. 1806), Dr. Michael Kloepper House (c. 1803), John Donner House (c. 1816), George Hess House and Shop (c. 1812), and the George Bowersox House (c. 1806).</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Aaronsburg PA log house.jpgLog house</p><br>
<p>Aaronsburg PA house.jpg5-bay house</p><br>
<p>Aaronsburg PA Plank house.jpgPlank house</p><br>
<p>Bellefonte Historic District is a national historic district located at Bellefonte, Centre County, Pennsylvania. The district encompasses 296 contributing buildings in the central business district and surrounding residential area of Bellefonte. The oldest building in the district is the Col. James Dunlop House dated to 1795. Notable non-residential buildings include the St. John&#39;s Roman Catholic Church, Crider Exchange , Temple Court Building , First National Bank Building, W.F. Reynolds and Co. Bank Building, and Pennsylvania Railroad Station. Located in the district and listed separately are the Brockerhoff Hotel, Centre County Courthouse, Gamble Mill, McAllister-Beaver House, and Miles-Humes House. The Bellefonte Academy and the Bush House Hotel were previously listed on the register until they burned to the ground in 2004 and 2006, respectively.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>The Rebersburg Historic District is a national historic district that is located in Miles Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This district includes 205 contributing buildings that are located in Rebersburg. The district is almost exclusively residential with three churches, a small luncheonette, an old schoolhouse, one grocery store, and a post office. Among the residential building types present are the row house, connected or double houses, a Continental four-over-four, a Pennsylvania four-over-four, and a Victorian Gothic.</p><br>
<p>Notable dwellings include the Jacob Major John Reynolds House (1820), the Robert Tate House (1810), the Daniel Walker House (1840), the Philip Reitzell Tavern (1821), the Colonel Henry Royer House (1823), the John Bierly Sr. House (1830), the Dr. John J. Hilbish House and Office (1853), the Daniel Brungart House (1875), the Emma J. Royer House (1897), and the James E. Ziegler House (1908).</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Gramley Schoolhouse Museum</h2><br>
<p>The Gramley Schoolhouse was a wooden one-room school that was built in 1838. Formerly located 12 feet from the present day Miles Township Elementary School this schoolhouse was used for younger grades and as an additional room for instruction at the newer elementary school. It was moved to its current site, a few yards away on Town Lane Road, in 2011 through an effort led by Vonnie Henninger; it then was converted into a museum that opened to the public on May 2, 2015.</p><br>
<p>The museum houses collections from the Gramley Schoolhouse, the former Miles Township High School, and exhibits about Rebersburg&#39;s historic residents. The museum also acts as a genealogical center for Miles Township.</p><br>
<p>Rebersburg PA Schoolhouse Museum.jpgSchoolhouse Museum</p><br>
<p>Rebersburg PA St Peters UCC Reformed.jpgSt Peters UCC Church</p><br>
<p>Rebersburg PA St Peters Lutheran.jpgSt. Peters Lutheran Church</p><br>
<p>House in Rebersburg PA.jpgHouse in Rebersburg</p><br>
<p>USPO Rebersburg PA 16872.jpgPost office</p><br>
